Although PD is characterized by a range of motor symptoms associated with loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantial nigra, non-motor symptoms such as impaired hippocampal neurogenesis were observed in both PD patients and animal models of PD caused by multiple PD-linked pathogenic genes such as alpha-synuclein and leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2). Recently, a missense mutation, Asp620Asn (D620N), in VPS35 (PARK17) has been identified as a pathogenic mutation for late-onset autosomal dominant Parkinson's disease (PD). Electronic address: protein sorting protein 35 (VPS35) is a core component of the retromer complex involved in regulating protein trafficking and retrieval. Electronic address: 7 Neural Stem Cell Research Lab, Research Department, National Neuroscience Institute, 308433, Singapore Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders Program, DUKE-NUS Graduate Medical School, 169857, Singapore Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technology University, Novena Campus, 11 Mandalay Road, 308232, Singapore. Electronic address: 6 Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Sun Yat-Sen University Zhongshan School of Medicine, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou 510089, PR China Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and disease, Sun Yat-Sen University Zhongshan School of Medicine, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou 510089, PR China. 5 Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, SGH Campus, 169856, Singapore Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders Program, DUKE-NUS Graduate Medical School, 169857, Singapore.
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1 Neural Stem Cell Research Lab, Research Department, National Neuroscience Institute, 308433, Singapore Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Sun Yat-Sen University Zhongshan School of Medicine, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou 510089, PR China.